Conditions that affect the urinary tract or genital area can often appear in childhood, sometimes right from birth. These concerns may cause uncertainty, but safe and effective options are available. Urological procedures address issues like undescended testicles, hydroceles, phimosis (tight foreskins), and emergency conditions such as testicular torsion.
What is paediatric urology?
Paediatric urology is a surgical field that focuses on conditions affecting the kidneys, bladder, urethra, and genitalia in babies, children, and adolescents. These conditions may be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later.
Procedures in this field are specifically designed for young patients, taking into account the unique needs of children at different stages of development.
Which paediatric urological procedures are most common?
Some of the conditions treated through paediatric urology include the following:
- Circumcisions: Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin from the penis. It can be performed for medical reasons such as recurrent infections or tightness that interferes with normal urination. The procedure involves carefully separating and removing the end of the foreskin, after which the area heals over several days.
- Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism): Sometimes a testicle does not move into the scrotum before birth. If it does not correct itself in the first few months of life, surgery may be needed. The procedure, called an orchidopexy, guides the testicle into the scrotum and secures it in place. This helps fertility, hormone production, and long-term testicular health.
- Hydroceles: A hydrocele is a buildup of fluid around the testicle that causes swelling in the scrotum. While some hydroceles resolve on their own, persistent cases may need surgery. The procedure involves making a small incision, draining the fluid, and closing the channel through which the fluid enters, preventing it from returning.
- Testicular torsion: This is an urgent condition where the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood supply to the testicle. The procedure involves untwisting the cord and stitching the testicle into place to stop the problem from happening again. It must be treated quickly to prevent permanent damage, so immediate medical attention is important.
How do I know if my child may need a urological procedure?
Signs and symptoms can vary depending on the condition. Some things to look out for include:
- Swelling or lumps in the scrotum
- Pain in the groin or lower abdomen
- Difficulty or discomfort when passing urine
- A testicle that does not seem to be in the scrotum
- Recurrent infections or unusual discharge
If you notice any of these signs, it is essential to seek an assessment. Early diagnosis allows the proper procedure to be planned at the right time.
What can I expect before and after a procedure?
Before surgery:
- Your child will have a complete examination and possibly tests to confirm the diagnosis.
- You will be given clear instructions on preparation, such as fasting before anaesthesia.
- Dr Niveshni Maistry will explain the procedure and answer your questions.
After surgery:
- Most children go home the same day for minor procedures such as circumcision.
- More complex or urgent procedures may need a short hospital stay.
- You will be guided on wound care, pain relief, and follow-up visits.
What should I do next?
If your child has symptoms such as pain, swelling, or urination problems, booking to contact page] an appointment with our paediatric surgeon in Johannesburg, Dr Maistry, can provide clarity and ensure timely care.